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Hunga Tonga Eruption 2022: What Happened and Why It Mattered
The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption sent a record 57 km plume, a global pressure wave and a Pacific-wide tsunami that reached Australia.
Tropical Storm Isaias Nears Hurricane Strength in Gulf of Mexico
Tropical Storm Isaias is nearing hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico, with hurricane and storm-surge warnings in effect along the US Gulf Coast.
Sea Breezes and Land Breezes: The Daily Wind Switch
Learn how the sea breeze and land breeze system drives the diurnal wind cycle along coasts, shaped by differential heating, thermodynamics and pressure.
How to See a Moonbow: Best Conditions, Moon Phase and Photography Tips
Discover the ideal conditions for spotting a lunar rainbow. This guide covers moon phases, dark adaptation, and location tips for night-time observers.
Red Sprites: The Lightning That Fires Upward Into Space
Discover the science of red sprites lightning, high-altitude electrical discharges that fire upward from severe thunderstorms into the mesosphere.
Hurricane Patricia strongest winds ever recorded: why the 2015 storm was so extreme
Hurricane Patricia reached estimated maximum winds of 345 km/h in October 2015, making it the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the West.
Hurricane Katrina: The Failures Behind the Flood
A detailed look at the systemic engineering flaws and levee breaches that caused catastrophic flooding in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina.
Tornado Alley Is Moving East - Here's the Evidence
Meteorological data shows Tornado Alley is moving east. Learn why severe weather patterns are shifting from the Great Plains toward the Midwest.
Cloud Seeding: What It Can and Can't Do to the Weather
Cloud seeding can modestly influence suitable clouds, but it cannot create rain from clear skies or end drought. Learn what evidence shows.
Black Ice: The Road Hazard You Can't See Coming
Identify what is black ice and understand how this clear glaze forms on roads during sub-zero temperatures to stay safe.
Graupel Isn't Hail and It Isn't Snow — Learn to Tell Them Apart
Learn what is graupel and how riming creates these unique snow pellets. Distinguish between hail, sleet, and frozen precipitation during winter storms.
Lake-Effect Snow: How a Warm Lake Buries a City
Explore the physics of lake-effect snow and how cold air over warm water produces intense localized squalls.