Bureau Of Meteorology

Explore the impact and meteorological causes of the 1947 Sydney hailstorm. Learn about the record ice stones and structural damage across NSW.

Record ocean warmth could alter the Super El Niño Australia impact and seasonal rainfall. Review how marine heatwaves change the Bureau drought outlook.

Learn the science of how do tropical cyclones form through warm water, latent heat, and the Coriolis effect. See the conditions required for genesis.

Learn how do tropical depressions form from disturbances via warm water and the Coriolis effect.

Learn how do downbursts form through evaporative cooling and negative buoyancy in severe thunderstorms.

Learn how mesoscale convective vortices formation occurs through diabatic heating and stratiform rain processes in the Australian middle atmosphere.

How does frost form? Learn how water vapour changes to ice through deposition and radiative cooling on clear nights. See why ground frost appears.

Learn how does dew form when surfaces cool overnight. Explore how dew point, humidity, and radiative cooling create morning moisture on clear nights.

How does sea fog form? See how warm air moves over cold water and cools to its dew point temperature to create dense marine advection fog.

How does freezing fog form in sub-zero air? Learn why supercooled water droplets turn to rime ice on contact with cold surfaces in Australia.

Learn how upslope fog formation occurs through orographic lifting and adiabatic cooling on Australian mountain slopes.

Advection fog formation happens when moist air cools over cold surfaces. Learn how temperature gradients and marine layers create coastal fog.