Troposphere

Learn how do temperature inversions form when warm air layers trap surface air to stop vertical mixing and increase atmospheric stability.

How do jet streams form? Learn how temperature gradients and the Coriolis effect create fast upper-atmosphere winds that drive global weather patterns.

Learn how do sudden stratospheric warmings form through planetary wave breaking and polar vortex disruption. See the physics behind these winter events.

Learn how does the jet stream form through global temperature gradients and the Coriolis effect. See how these high-altitude winds drive global weather.

Learn how do low-pressure systems form through surface convergence and upper-level divergence to drive cloud and rain.

How do high-pressure systems form through sinking air and convergence? Learn the atmospheric physics behind anticyclones and stable weather to Find out.

How do contrails form from jet exhaust in cold air? Learn why ice crystals appear behind aircraft and how atmospheric water vapour affects them.

Learn how do lenticular clouds form through orographic lifting and mountain waves in stable moist air.

Altostratus clouds formation occurs when moist air lifts over wide areas to create grey layers.

How do cirrus clouds form in the upper troposphere? Learn how the deposition process and atmospheric water vapour create high-altitude ice crystals.

Learn how Australian air masses move across synoptic charts to shape temperature gradients and humidity. See how the BOM tracks these source regions.

Learn how the layers of the atmosphere shape Australian storms and protect us from radiation. Understand the troposphere and stratosphere to find out.