Weather Science

Learn how the sea breeze and land breeze system drives the diurnal wind cycle along coasts, shaped by differential heating, thermodynamics and pressure.

Discover the ideal conditions for spotting a lunar rainbow. This guide covers moon phases, dark adaptation, and location tips for night-time observers.

Discover the science of red sprites lightning, high-altitude electrical discharges that fire upward from severe thunderstorms into the mesosphere.

Hurricane Patricia reached estimated maximum winds of 345 km/h in October 2015, making it the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the West.

Meteorological data shows Tornado Alley is moving east. Learn why severe weather patterns are shifting from the Great Plains toward the Midwest.

Cloud seeding can modestly influence suitable clouds, but it cannot create rain from clear skies or end drought. Learn what evidence shows.

Identify what is black ice and understand how this clear glaze forms on roads during sub-zero temperatures to stay safe.

Learn what is graupel and how riming creates these unique snow pellets. Distinguish between hail, sleet, and frozen precipitation during winter storms.

Explore the physics of lake-effect snow and how cold air over warm water produces intense localized squalls.

Learn why bomb cyclones explode through rapid pressure drops and jet stream interactions. Discover how explosive cyclogenesis fuels these intense storms.

Explore the scientific classification and physics of every major types of lightning, from standard ground strikes to rare high-altitude discharges.

Learn what is the polar vortex and how this high-altitude atmospheric circulation drives extreme winter weather patterns across the globe.